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This Special Issue “Characterization of Nanomaterials” collects nine selected papers presented at the 6th Dresden Nanoanalysis Symposium, held at Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems in Dresden, Germany, on 31 August 2018. Following the specific motto of this annual symposium “Materials challenges—Micro- and nanoscale characterization”, it covered various topics of nanoscale materials characterization along the whole value and innovation chain, from fundamental research up to industrial applications. The scope of this Special Issue is to provide an overview of the current status, recent developments and research activities in the field of nanoscale materials characterization, with a particular emphasis on future scenarios. Primarily, analytical techniques for the characterization of thin films and nanostructures are discussed, including modeling and simulation. We anticipate that this Special Issue will be accessible to a wide audience, as it explores not only methodical aspects of nanoscale materials characterization, but also materials synthesis, fabrication of devices and applications.
One of the most challenging questions in neurobiology to tackle is how the serotonergic system steers neurodevelopment. With the increase in serotonergic anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs, serotonin was thought to signal adversity or to serve as an emotional signal. However, a vast amount of literature is accumulating showing that serotonin rather mediates neuroplasticity and plays a key role in early developmental processes. For instance, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serving as antidepressants, increase neurogenesis and trigger autism-related brain and behavioural changes during embryonic and perinatal exposure. Moreover, serotonin transporter gene variation is associa...
It is appropriate at the outset of this book to pose a question that was often asked --of the organizers before the meeting took place and later among those who participated in the meeting -- "What is meant by 'Systems Approaches' in the study of developmental neurobiology?" The answer, as we originally conceived it, can be succinctly summarized by the word "interactions". That brief epithet was expanded during the general discussion portion of the meeting, where the following definition was offered: "Systems approaches in developmental neurobiology are unified by attention to the emergent properties of the developing system under investigation and by a focus on the aspects of development of...
The development of a brain from its simple beginnings in the embryo to the extraordinarily complex fully-functional adult structure is a truly remarkable process. Understanding how it occurs remains a formidable challenge despite enormous advances over the last century and current intense world-wide scientific research. A greater knowledge of how nervous systems construct themselves will bring huge benefits for human health and future technologies. Unravelling the mechanisms that lead to the development of healthy brains should help scientists tackle currently incurable diseases of the nervous system such as autism, epilepsy and schizophrenia (to name but a few), discover more about the proc...
Development & Plasticity in Sensory Thalamus & Cortex is based on a 2-day symposium offered for the first time at SFN 2003. The symposium focused on the latest findings and ideas, focusing on visual and somatosensory thalamus and neocortex in rodents and carnivores and functional imaging studies in developing and aging human neocortex, as well as plastic changes after spinal cord injury. This volume will cover recent advances in understanding sensory thalamic and cortical function, organization, and plasticity. Chapters will cover a broad range of approaches from single cell recordings to viral gene transfer to transgenic and knockout mouse models to functional imaging in human cortex. The text is intended to provide an update on the multitude of technical and experimental approaches in understanding the development and plasticity of the mammalian sensory thalamus and neocortex and provide a synthetic theoretical framework for future studies.
Noradrenergic Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease examines fundamental and clinical evidence explaining the progression of the disease. Featuring contributions from acknowledged international experts in the field, this book defines ideopathic Parkinson's disease and covers such topics as the alterations in Parkinson's disease, norepinephrine-dopamine interactions, noradrenergic control of striatal dopamine release, glial cells as targets of the central noradrenergic systems, and a theory regarding noradrenergic mechanisms in Parkinson's disease. New directions for research on Parkinson's disease are also explored.
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