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Expert Judgement in Risk and Decision Analysis
This book pulls together many perspectives on the theory, methods and practice of drawing judgments from panels of experts in assessing risks and making decisions in complex circumstances. The book is divided into four parts: Structured Expert Judgment (SEJ) current research fronts; the contributions of Roger Cooke and the Classical Model he developed; process, procedures and education; and applications. After an Introduction by the Editors, the first part presents chapters on expert elicitation of parameters of multinomial models; the advantages of using performance weighting by advancing the “random expert” hypothesis; expert elicitation for specific graphical models; modelling depende...
U.S. Emergency Management in the 21st Century
Our understanding of hazards and disasters is rapidly changing, and it is unclear as to whether our existing management systems are adequate to adapt to current and future disasters. Thoroughly updated to include the latest research in the hazards and disasters field, U.S. Emergency Management in the 21st Century continues the tradition of giving readers access to exemplary case studies drawn from a wide variety of hazards and applied fields. NEW TO THE SECOND EDITION Discussion on COVID-19 pandemic and the lacking local capacity for preparedness. “Forgotten” hazards (heatwaves and coldwaves) in Phoenix, AZ and Buffalo, N.Y New challenges in hurricane preparedness and response with rapid...
Harnessing Microbes for Sustainable Food Systems
Food microbiology is the science that comprises the details about various microorganisms associated with food in beneficial and harmful aspects. Spoilage of food by microorganisms has become a problem for many people around the world as foods act as a nutrient source for microorganisms. The past ten years have seen a shift in the field of epidemiology of microbial illness caused by food. This shift has been attributed to the emergence of newly identified foodborne pathogens as well as to changes in lifestyle factors, such as convenience foods, more adventurous eating, and less time spent preparing meals. It is critical to control foodborne illnesses at every stage of the supply chain, from f...
Education
In an age of catastrophes—unchecked climate change, extreme poverty, forced migrations, war, and terror, all compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic—how can schooling be reengineered and education reimagined? This book calls for a new global approach to education that responds to these overlapping crises in order to enrich and enhance the lives of children everywhere. Marcelo Suárez-Orozco and Carola Suárez-Orozco convene scholars and practitioners from a range of disciplines—including anthropology, neuroscience, demography, psychology, child development, sociology, and economics—who offer incisive essays on the global state of education. Contributors consider how educational policy an...
COVID Ecology and Evolution: Systemic Biosocial Dynamics
With the world in a state of emergency due to the Coronavirus pandemic, almost the entire scientific community and all governmental/intergovernmental agencies are focused on defining the most effective disease control and forecasting. However, is disease control the only or most crucial element to consider? In this Research Topic, we intend to highlight crucially important topics about Coronavirus related to its environmental dependencies, biological diversity and stability, and socio-economic outcomes, considering also information, modeling and technological aspects of the pandemic. The objective of the Research Topic is to bring together spatio-temporal biological, ecological, environmenta...
No Time to Escape
Covid 19 – The Resurgence in China and its impact on the world When we thought Covid 19 was behind us, CHINA shocked the world reporting 37 million cases a day. Sars Cov 2 mutated to a new strain XBB5 in Dec 2022 from Omicron. This book brings us up to speed on the new strain. Its impact on global economy and travel restrictions worldwide. Hard sustained research by Ashok Nilakantan on Covid 19 supplements government efforts to compile data. The global approach and case studies outlined are a remarkable piece of work. – Dr J Radhakrishnan, IAS, Principal Secretary to Tamil Nadu government. The Author has taken great pains to understand the myriad aspects of Covid 19 and its impact on lives and livelihood. The author has found a sure-fire cure for the epidemic of ignorance on the disease – Mr. P Narendra, former PIO and government spokesperson and former information advisor to PMs AB Vajpayee and PV Narasimha Rao.
Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries
Based on careful analysis of burden of disease and the costs ofinterventions, this second edition of 'Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, 2nd edition' highlights achievable priorities; measures progresstoward providing efficient, equitable care; promotes cost-effectiveinterventions to targeted populations; and encourages integrated effortsto optimize health. Nearly 500 experts - scientists, epidemiologists, health economists,academicians, and public health practitioners - from around the worldcontributed to the data sources and methodologies, and identifiedchallenges and priorities, resulting in this integrated, comprehensivereference volume on the state of health in developing countries.
What's In, What's Out
Vaccinate children against deadly pneumococcal disease, or pay for cardiac patients to undergo lifesaving surgery? Cover the costs of dialysis for kidney patients, or channel the money toward preventing the conditions that lead to renal failure in the first place? Policymakers dealing with the realities of limited health care budgets face tough decisions like these regularly. And for many individuals, their personal health care choices are equally stark: paying for medical treatment could push them into poverty. Many low- and middle-income countries now aspire to universal health coverage, where governments ensure that all people have access to the quality health services they need without r...
Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 9)
As the culminating volume in the DCP3 series, volume 9 will provide an overview of DCP3 findings and methods, a summary of messages and substantive lessons to be taken from DCP3, and a further discussion of cross-cutting and synthesizing topics across the first eight volumes. The introductory chapters (1-3) in this volume take as their starting point the elements of the Essential Packages presented in the overview chapters of each volume. First, the chapter on intersectoral policy priorities for health includes fiscal and intersectoral policies and assembles a subset of the population policies and applies strict criteria for a low-income setting in order to propose a "highest-priority" essential package. Second, the chapter on packages of care and delivery platforms for universal health coverage (UHC) includes health sector interventions, primarily clinical and public health services, and uses the same approach to propose a highest priority package of interventions and policies that meet similar criteria, provides cost estimates, and describes a pathway to UHC.
Will a Global Subsidy of Artemisinin-based Combination Treatment (ACTs) for Malaria Delay the Emergence of Resistance and Save Lives?
This study finds that a subsidy to ACTs is likely to slow the rate of emergence of resistance to artemisinin and partner drugs, even if such a subsidy were to increase the use of ACTs significantly. This conclusion is robust to alternative assumptions regarding the responsiveness of demand to the lower price for ACTs and a wide range of epidemiological and economic parameters. However, the simulation results show that a subsidy for two or more ACT combinations is likely to be much more cost-effective than a subsidy to a single ACT. The only consideration is that the drugs used as partners to artemisinin be unrelated to each other and to artemisinin in mechanism of action and in genetic bases of resistance, so that a single mutation cannot encode resistance to both components. Such a subsidy program for ACTs, administered globally, that reduces reliance on any single combination, and discourages monotherapy, not only of artemisinin but of any effective antimalarial that could potentially be used as partner drug with artemisinin, is likely to be effective (and cost-effective) both in buying time for ACTs and in saving lives."
